However, students are taught to focus on the lived experiences of individuals with disabilities in practical terms. Disability studies courses include work in disability history, theory, legislation, policy, ethics, and the arts. For example, recent investigations suggest using "cross-sectional markers of stratification" may help provide new insights on the non-random distribution of risk factors capable of acerbating disablement processes. Additionally, there has been an increased focus on interdisciplinary research. However, in recent years, the division between the social and medical models has been challenged. In 1999 the social model was universally accepted as the model preferred by the field. This premise gave rise to two distinct models of disability: the social and medical models of disability. Initially, the field focused on the division between "impairment" and "disability", where impairment was an impairment of an individual's mind or body, while disability was considered a social construct. Disability studies is an academic discipline that examines the meaning, nature, and consequences of disability.
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